The Helvetii were largely assimilated by their new rulers, contributing to the ethnogenesis of modern Swiss people. The Alemanni and Burgundians established permanent settlements in the Swiss plateau in the 5th and 6th centuries, resulting in the early medieval territories of Alemannia (Swabia) and Upper Burgundy. In the later 3rd century, Roman control over the region waned, and the Swiss plateau was exposed to the invading Alemanni. The Helvetians, like the rest of Gaul, were largely Romanized by the 2nd century. The Swiss plateau was at first incorporated into the Roman province of Gallia Belgica (22 BC), later into Germania Superior (AD 83). In AD 68, a Helvetian uprising was crushed by Aulus Caecina Alienus. The Helvetians were subjugated after 52 BC, and under Augustus, Celtic oppida, such as Vindonissa or Basilea, were re-purposed as garrisons. They feature prominently in the Commentaries on the Gallic War, with their failed migration attempt to southwestern Gaul (58 BC) serving as a catalyst for Caesar's conquest of Gaul. Of these, Caesar names only the Verbigeni and the Tigurini, while Posidonius mentions the Tigurini and the Tougeni ( Τωυγενοί). According to Julius Caesar, the Helvetians were divided into four subgroups or pagi. The Helvetii ( Latin: Helvētiī, Gaulish: * Heluētī), anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. Map of Gaul with tribes, 1st century BC the Helvetii are circled.
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